Tag: Economy
Pakistan closes in on MSCI upgrade: Financial Times
Pakistan is closing in on Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI)’s upgrade, promotion to emerging market status, as the country has in many respects fared...
Moody’s keeps Pakistan economy rating at ‘B3 Stable’
Pakistan's B3 rating reflects strengthening growth, progress on structural reforms
Moody's Investors Service says Pakistan's B3 issuer rating balances strengthening growth and progress on structural...
‘Pakistan’s rising volume of commercial lending a positive sign’
The latest trend of rising volume of commercial lending to the private sector coupled with better energy supply and rising FDI inflows shows significant...
Speakers want exports to be facilitated in next budget
Export-oriented industries should be facilitated to the maximum in the upcoming Federal Budget 2016-17 as the export sector plays an important role in the...
IFC praises Pakistan’s economic turnaround
The Executive Vice President of the International Finance Commission (IFC), Philippe Houerou praised economic policies and strict financial discipline of the Pakistan government that...
ICCI expresses concerns over rising trade deficit
The Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ICCI) on Thursday expressed concerns over the rising trade deficit of the country which has risen by...
Economy to grow at 4.8 per cent in 2017: WB report
The economic growth in Pakistan is projected to accelerate from 4.5% in 2016 to 4.8% in 2017, says a Wold Bank report.
The growth would...
Pakistan has achieved irreversible economic stability, says PM
Nawaz calls for effective accountability mechanism to ensure transparency in development projects
Pakistani banks insufficiently capitalised for CPEC projects
Banks must turn to the capital markets to strengthen their balance sheets in view of the upcoming China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)-related projects, Bank Alfalah...
Developing Asia needs bold actions to overcome impact of China’s slowdown: ADB
Bold actions from the policymakers of developing Asia, including structural reforms to attract new investment, are needed to counteract the slowdown in China's economic growth, a new Asian Development Bank (ADB) policy brief says.
The continued moderation of growth in China could knock off a third of a percentage point a year in growth for the rest of developing Asia over the next two years.
The ADB Brief, Moderating Growth and Structural Change in the People's Republic of China, estimates that a continued gradual slowdown in PRC growth, as seen since 2011, is the most likely scenario.
"The gradual slowdown in the PRC economy, driven by demographic factors, higher labour costs, external demand weakness, and a gradual shift towards consumption-led growth, will continue into the medium-term," said ADB Chief Economist Shang-Jin Wei.
According to an ADB press statement, Wei said that while this would have a negative knock-on effect for many other economies in the region, others can also benefit from Chinese households' increased willingness and ability to consume and a shift to a more service-oriented economy in the PRC.
This slowdown would reduce growth in developing Asian countries by a third of a percentage point per year compared to if there were no slowdown in PRC growth.
A steep drop in growth in China is not a high probability risk in either the short- or medium-term, as the country still has a number of policy options to offset shocks, the ADB study says.
If a much-worse-than-expected scenario should materialise, it could translate into a 1.8% decline in the rest of developing Asia's growth.
Weaker demand for commodities by China will hurt commodity exporters, who are already under pressure from a slump in prices, driving home the need for market diversification in these economies.
At the same time, the study notes that while the softer Chinese economy has affected commodity prices, the impact has varied widely across commodities, with growth affecting coal and metal prices more than oil and natural gas.
Economies with strong trade and production linkages with PRC will also be more affected.
The ADB brief notes that a number of Asian economies can benefit from the moderating growth and structural changes in China's economy.
Pressure on China’s economy won’t result in hard landing: Premier Li
Premier Li Keqiang said Wednesday that China's economy will not suffer a hard landing and there are more hopes than difficulties for the world's...
Economic stability achieved but growth still a concern
Pakistan's economy has achieved its targets for economic stability under the IMF programme. However, it has fallen behind on growth.
This was stated in a review of the economy for the period July –December 2015 released on Monday by the Institute for Policy Reforms (IPR). The six monthly reviews are a regular IPR publication.
The report states that the entire focus of policy makers, at present, seems to be on balance of payments and fiscal deficit.
With a substantial provincial surplus, fiscal deficit for the period July-December 2015 was 1.7%. This is well within the target for the year. Revenue collection and expenditure are largely on track. The latter especially because half-year public sector development spending was about one quarter of budget. The rate of inflation has also dropped. For the period July 2015 to February 2016, year on year CPI fell, though it is above the lowest point of September 2015. The fall in inflation stalled because of increase in GST on some items and because the Pakistani Rupee lost value in August and October.
Growth during July-December 2015 has been slow. Against its annual target of 6%, large scale manufacturing grew year on year by 3.9% during July-December 2015. In agriculture, production of cotton and rice, two major crops, fell. This year, cotton lost about a third of its previous year's production. Sugarcane production may increase from last year’s low, but will be short of 68-million-tonne target. Agriculture growth is unlikely to meet GoP’s target of 3.9% for the year.
Investment may also not meet the target set by the government, as there may be cuts on development. Credit for the private sector and import of machinery have increased. It is not clear if these are sufficient to boost investment to the desired level.
Power supply, which grew modestly during July-November, continues to constrain economic activity. Overall, IPR subscribes to IMF’s cautious growth estimate of 4.5% for 2015-16 against GoP’s 5.5%.
Balance of payments poses a special challenge. With decline in exports and low FDI, the economy has relied on external debt, sometimes at high cost. Consequently, the burden of debt repayment will increase significantly in the coming years. Exports fell by an alarming 15% during the six months under review. Textiles, our main export, alone fell by 9%. This is partly because of slow growth of the world economy and world trade. However, Pakistan’s exports have also suffered because of the value of the Rupee and fundamental issues of competitiveness.
The report also emphasises that while it focuses on stability, government must concurrently begin structural reforms of the economy. This is critical if the country is to break out of the low growth trap and continued dependence on external savings. It suggests that for too long policy makers in Pakistan have relied only on management of macroeconomic indicators. It is time for strong action on reforms.
Even within stabilisation, they must aim for quantum growth in tax revenues. Successive governments have been unable to persuade important constituencies to pay taxes. The government must reengineer tax policy and administration. Without this, it cannot play its due role in development.
The report counsels government to avoid cuts on development expenditure. It refers to other issues with PSDP. Limited funds available are not wisely spent. Project selection is top down, contracts overpriced, and delivery tardy.
The government must take steps to boost business activity. Revival of industry and agriculture need a mix of policy, governance, and public investment support. Access to project finance for the private sector is key.
Other factors hinder sustained economic growth. The report refers to governance, labour productivity, and education as barriers to growth. There is yet no top-level discussion on improving these fundamentals of development.
The report finds that too much hope is placed on CPEC for economic revival. While CPEC will stimulate growth, the economy will not have sustained development without fundamental reforms. CPEC will also increase Pakistan’s external indebtedness. It is very important, therefore, to select CPEC projects judiciously and ensure their effective delivery. CPEC projects must have high economic returns so that the country can pay off the debt incurred. External debt is a deep-rooted issue for Pakistan. It will grow with new projects and concomitant import of inputs such as LNG and coal.
CPEC project gets support of Chinese Parliament
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and one road and one belt initiatives enjoy complete support of the National People’s Congress (NPC).
Legislators while attending the on-going session...
Pakistan has a chance to boost economy: WB president
Pakistan has a great opportunity to become more ambitious in reforming its economy so that more people are lifted out of poverty more quickly and prosperity is more widely shared among its people, said World Bank Group (WBG) President Jim Yong Kim.
Noting that the government had stabilised the economy over three tough years, Kim said he had discussed in meetings with the prime minister and the finance minister about the importance of pressing forward with reforms that would unlock the country's potential. As part of the World Bank's continued support to the country, there was discussion of a Development Policy Credit to promote economic reforms.
“Now is the moment for Pakistan to step up to a higher level of growth and opportunity for all its people,” said Kim. “In my meetings with the prime minister and the finance minister, we discussed going to a higher level of ambition for reforms for the economy. These could include strengthening the role of the private sector for job creation, accelerating energy reforms, making improvements at the community level for health and education, and ensuring that anti-poverty measures are effective at reaching poor people.” Kim made his comments on the first day of his two-day visit to Pakistan after meetings in Islamabad with top government officials, including economic ministers and secretaries from provincial and federal governments.
Kim participated in a State Bank of Pakistan launch event for WBG support to Pakistan's financial inclusion reform agenda, “Pakistan's Path towards Universal Financial Access.”
“The National Financial Inclusion Strategy has come at a particularly opportune moment as new technology and the rapid expansion of branchless banking offer unprecedented opportunities to transform financial inclusion in Pakistan. Pakistan is now leading the way in South Asia when it comes to digital finance and branchless banking,” the WBG president said.
Pakistan poised to become fast growing economy: WB
World Bank (WB) President Jim Yong Kim has said that Pakistan is poised to become the next fast growing successful economy due to important...
IPR issues recommendations to improve economy
A report issued by the Institute for Policy Reforms (IPR) on Tuesday presented recommendations for early revival of the country's economy.
The report lays down a workable path towards economic growth and sustainable stabilisation. IPR Chairman and former commerce minister Humayun Akhtar Khan is the author of the report.
The document recognizes improvement in economic stability under the IMF programme. Balance of payments, fiscal deficit, and inflation are under control. But now, the government must focus on growth, while ensuring robust stability. Identifying increase in investment as the key to job creation and economic activity, the report proposes a growth strategy for the economy.
"An expansionary monetary policy would lead the economy out of the morass of the past eight years," the report suggests. "The growth strategy centres on three key areas: export increase, industrial revival, and public investment."
Despite stagnant exports, the Rupee has remained overvalued. The high value of the rupee came at a most inopportune time of slowdown in world trade. In fact, this was when many developing countries lowered the value of their currencies. This has placed our exporters at a disadvantage. The report sees the rupee overvalued by about 20%.
To revive industry, which too has seen unusual slowdown in recent years, IPR recommends long-term project financing at fixed rates. Currently, banks do not have the incentive to do so. At present, they use SBP loans (through OMO) to buy government paper and benefit from the interest rate arbitrage. SBP may introduce incentives for banks to set up a window for private capital investment. In the past, DFIs performed this function. This one measure could help with the industrial revival.
Public investment is the best means to expand jobs and boost growth. Scarce public investment has been a chronic problem in Pakistan. In addition, the inadequate funds available are often used for prestige projects without the desired economic impact. IPR recommends expansion of the public programmes to at least 5 per cent of GDP. Currently, it stands at 3.8%. This increase will also provide additional funds needed for CPEC. Public spending crowds in private investment and has a high multiplier effect. An increase of Rs 1 billion adds Rs 2 billion to GDP.
To place stabilisation on a robust plank, the report makes a set of recommendations for control of expenses and increase in revenue.
The report recommends reduction in the number of federal ministries. For functions devolved fully to provinces, it is possible to do away with ministries at the centre. The government may also begin a process of zero-based budgeting. This way, it can decide whether to continue with some of the many autonomous organisations that exist. The government can also rationalise debt-servicing expenditure by locking in the present reduced markup for debt. The report recommends a debt portfolio with two thirds invested in PIBs and one third in MTBs.
Loss making PSEs have preempted considerable federal resources as subsidies or grants. The government must revisit the way it manages PSEs. It should separate them from the administrative control of their respective ministry. A holding company may be set up to review performance and set targets and standards.
Perhaps the most important part of the report is its set of recommendations to increase tax revenue. The government can increase the tax to GDP ratio by four to five percentage points. This is especially possible by improving tax administration and enforcement.
Provinces must play their role in increasing revenue. At present, agriculture income tax contributes a paltry Rs 1 billion in taxes while the sector has a share of 21 per cent in the economy. Weak performance of provincial boards of revenue has meant a presumptive tax scheme. Tax yield could be increased by two per cent of GDP simply by indexing assessment to current agriculture prices. Effective penalty for non-compliance will also help. Provinces must increase collection of urban property tax and tax on services.
Federal revenue lost to exemptions and incentives is high. Continued tax holidays for IPPs and under-recovery of capital gains on securities alone accounts for Rs 100 billion. Tax deduction allowances amount to another Rs 100 billion. The government must ensure that these are targeted for the most productive sectors.
The report recommends capital gains tax on property and rationalisation of import duties. The report recommends specific measures to enhance tax base by bringing in more individuals and companies in the tax net.
Boosting Middle East economy is way to beat extremism: Iranian president
Generating economic growth in the Middle East is crucial to defeating extremism, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said on Tuesday, putting forward his country as...