BADSWAT: When a glacial lake burst in Pakistan’s northern Gilgit-Baltistan province in July, Sher Baz watched helplessly as the waters swept away his family home.
Residents of Badswat village, which lies in Ishkoman valley at the foot of the Hindu Kush mountain range’s snow-capped peaks, were at the mercy of the flash flood that carried off homes, roads and bridges, as well as crops and forest.
“Thank God we are alive, but everything we owned was washed away by the floods when the glacial lake burst,” said Baz, a 30-year old father of four.
Although there are several glaciers near Badswat village, residents said this was the first glacial outburst in living memory. The authorities said the timely evacuation of villagers meant nobody had died.
Baz said the event had left him feeling stranded.
“Surrounded by mountains and muddy water, it seems we are living between life and death,” he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
On 17 July, Badswat and Bilhanz villages in Immit Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan were hit by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) which leads to the formation of an artificial lake and blocks road access for around 10 villages from the rest of the Immit Valley – photo: 26 July 2018. Photo: AKDN
Pakistan has more glaciers than any other country outside the polar region – more than 7,200 in the Karakoram, Himalayan and Hindu Kush ranges, according to the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD).
They feed the Indus River system, the country’s water lifeline. But data gathered over the last 50 years shows that all but about 120 of the glaciers exhibit signs of melting, due to rising temperatures, meteorological officials said.
As the glaciers retreat, they leave behind lakes supported by ice dams or accumulations of rock and soil. Inherently unstable, these dams often burst, sending huge volumes of water rushing into the villages below them.
“With glaciers melting faster than before, we feel more vulnerable and it seems like we are under constant threat of a natural disaster,” said another villager Shakoor Baig.
Through AKAH’s early warning mechanisms and active Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs), around 1,000 people are evacuated from their houses in advance, as a result of which no lives are lost due to the GLOF event. Photo: AKDN
While he is used to coping with floods, the 45-year-old farmer said he had not seen anything on this scale.
Baig, who lost his home, crops and fields, joined nearly 1,000 residents in Badswat village who were evacuated to higher ground, where some are living in temporary shelters.
Trapped between mountains, receding waters and damaged roads, providing residents with enough food and tents has been difficult, said local relief group the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, which worked with the Pakistani army to air-drop aid.
FOREST LOSS:
Such events are just the start, said glacier expert and PMD head Ghulam Rasul.
“The disasters caused by glacier outbursts in these areas will not stop here. They will continue in the future because there are so many glaciers at risk of bursting,” he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Years of deforestation, combined with climate change, have led to a spike in temperatures in the region, which has caused glaciers to melt, Rasul said.
Over the past 80 years, he said, the average temperature in Gilgit-Baltistan has increased by 1.4 degree Celsius (2.5F) compared to a rise of 0.6 degree Celsius (1F) in the lower-lying regions of Sindh, Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.
Poor government management of forests and increased demand for timber have seen trees cut down, he said – even though conserving forests is essential in order to absorb carbon emissions and fight climate change.
“Global warming has direct implications on mountainous areas in northern Pakistan because of forest loss. Deforestation happened due to the negligence of authorities since people would cut trees for construction and fuel,” Rasul said.
“The essential thing to do is to grow more forests to mitigate the effects of global warming on glaciers in future.”
Local authorities said rejuvenating the forest is a priority, but replenishing the area would take time.
“The provincial government has already launched a campaign to grow the forest, among other solutions, to offset the rapid increase in temperatures in these mountains,” local government spokesman, Faizullah Faraq said.