Comparing national and Punjab IT policy drafts — 2016
Having the 4th largest offline population in the world, its labour market is too polarised that it stands with Namibia, Ghana, Magnolia and Peru in international charts
Once Abraham Lincoln said, “If I had 60 minutes to cut down a tree, I would spend 40 sharpening the axe and 20 cutting it down”. The same is true for policy formulation, which experts call “sharpening the axe”. In Pakistan’s IT sector, sharpening the axe has taken 50 minutes and it is feared that the remaining 10 would elapse soon. This is because of the fact that government and the ministries of IT have just tried to take credit for the natural IT sales by adding the telecom sector to it. After that, to justify it, the policy saga is played every 3-4 years. That is a good practice to amuse the world outside, but the facts have not changed a bit.
Keeping beautifully drafted policy ledgers aside, which pose Pakistan as a country where IT boom is at its maximum and where opportunities for doing business and earning profit from the sector are unlimited, globally, in IT, we rank no better than poverty and education statistics. Seven out of 7.4 billion people in the world today are living within mobile coverage. Out of these, 5.2 billion are using mobile service. This means that although the mobile coverage is there, 1.8 billion people of this world are not able to buy a mobile phone and use the available service. But those who use have got a great additional service as well; Mobile Internet. But total internet users in the world are 3.2 billion. That means that two billion people of the world who have a mobile phone are not using the internet. Out of these 3.2 billion internet users, only 1.1 billion are lucky enough and have access to high-speed internet. Others are using a slow speed 2G internet incapable of adding any value to their lives.
Having the 4th largest offline population in the world, its labour market is too polarised that it stands with Namibia, Ghana, Magnolia and Peru in international charts. A country where according to the World Development Report-15, 75pc of the mobile money market is monopolided by the two largest operators. In the previous few years we have tried a lot to use IT as a sole tool for better management and curbing maladministration but it has not born any fruits because it was not backed by the action plan which could use that data for public welfare purposes. Mere data collection of absent teachers on a certain day is useless until a parallel policy to dismiss and punish them is absent. In practical, since 2000, our IT policies have lived a long loneliness. Data has been collected but misused or not used. Misused as in BISE where the telephone numbers of the students, parents and their teachers were sold to different colleges and universities for spam advertisement and not used as nothing came out of the absenteeism reports of teachers and the test results of grade-3 students who went through the tab testing of PITB.
However, these days two important IT policies are being formulated, one, by the federal ministry of information technology and second, by the Punjab information technology board (PITB). The National IT policy draft acknowledges that there are numerous barriers and challenges to the progress of IT sector in Pakistan. Some of them are as follows.
- Broadband penetration
Although in last couple of years broadband has penetrated from 3pc to 17pc of our population but this cannot be termed as anything closer to satisfaction. The country is already suffering from religious, political, ethnic, provincial, educational, monetary and social divides. Digital divide which exists today between 17pc and 83pc of the population will be fatal for our knowledge economy. For upward progress in economy and innovation, the gap needs to be filled in through policies that focus on making broadband “every person’s basic need” than the luxury. National and Punjab IT policy drafts have discussed the issue in detail and suggestions are there to remove all type of taxes from the broadband. It is pertinent to mention that the province of KPK is still charging a heavy tax of 17pc on broadband services. Punjab’s policy draft commits to categorise Internet/Broadband as a basic utility, similar to electricity, water, etc. On the basis of this commitment, in the years to come, we can hope to see a much cheaper and faster broadband in Punjab at least.
- ICT in education
Telecom, technology and revenues generated from it may have been on the rise, but not their inclusion and integration in our education ecosystem. The virtual university experience was successful but to a limited extent. The majority of our public and a lot of private schools have no computer labs and ICT integrated classrooms are available in less than 8pc of the total schools in Pakistan. Distance learning through AIOU is going on in a century-old method where a lot of public money is being spent on postage and manual checking of papers and assignments are a great barrier in a proper boom of distance learning in Pakistan. Both National and Punjab policy drafts have taken the issue seriously. The National IT policy promises to “facilitate and extend primary and secondary school students natural capability, to construct, hypothesise, explore, experiment, evaluate, foster logical thinking,problem-solving, persistence and collaboration by encouraging next generation computing and analytical courses by playing an enabler role to initiate projects to provide network accessibility ateducational institutes across Pakistan.”
Another serious commitment in this regard is to start integrating of computing courses particularly coding into the curriculum at all levels starting from prep to high school and beyond. Pakistan is behind most countries of the world in the absorption of information technology and its enabled services in education and everyday life, The GlobalCompetitiveness Index 2015 suggests. It was placed at 112 in a total index of 143 countries in Global IT Report 2015 which shows how much improvement in needed to be done in this sector.
In Punjab’s IT Policy Draft, 6E’s have been selected to become the core principles of the policy. Education is first of them; others are economy, empowerment, employment, entrepreneurship and engagement.
- The gap between ICT graduate skills and industry needs
The previous decade has seen a mushroom growth of private and public IT educational institutions across Pakistan. The growth was so much that it left the quality part behind. In Pakistan, it is an easy task to get a BCS and MCS degree without attending a class from the franchise and substandard educational institutions. To our demise, these degrees are HEC recognised as well but their graduates are adding to the pool of educated but unskilled and unemployed human “resource” of Pakistan. Both national and Punjab ICT policy drafts promise to bridge the gap but both are silent on how it will be done. Punjab suggest that it will reduce the academia-industry divide through curriculum reforms, internships and training opportunities but how will our governments standardise the ICT education in Pakistan in a way that graduates from all colleges and universities after taking a certain course are at the same skills level? That is a serious flaw left in both the policy drafts and before the final versions shall be pondered upon.
- Weak judicial system and intellectual property rights
Copying someone else’s work in Pakistan is child’s play. Like defamation, the IPR cases in Pakistan are either not registered or never decided. The punishment written in the book of constitution and CPC for such crimes is sufficient but never a culprit faced it. So, because of weaker law enforcement and shaky judicial system, innovation has no future in our country. Patents are registered but then make the owner patient when his/her work is copied, marketed and distributed by someone else. These intangible assets which are a product of human wisdom and intelligence are of no value in our society and judiciary. In such a situation one can never expect that someone would ever invest in ICT-R&D here. Without research and development, we can never become anything more than ICT vendors. Our international stature and ICT progress will be stagnant and export opportunities will remain limited.
The National and Punjab IT policy drafts are silent on the issue. While Punjab thinks that IPR falls in federal domain, the National IT Policy Draft hopes that to protect inventions, software code/solutions, trademarks, designs, literary works, and trade secrets, etc. Someone else will design a legal framework for the enforcementmeasures for the protection of IPR, consumer rights and arbitration procedures forboth foreign and domestic business/trade. The national policy draft states, “enforcement measures are needed tocontrol the software piracy and to assure the protection of intellectual propertyrights of both foreign and local software developers”.
There are many other issues that have been identified to become an integral part of the federal and provincial IT policies but keeping in view the length of this analysis, the topic is being closed here with a hope that those responsible to design the policy will take these important areas into consideration.
