TOKYO: Japan is moving to pass its strictest-ever smoking laws, but the country’s powerful tobacco lobby wants to stub out measures that were adopted years ago by other developed nations.
The government is keen to change Japan’s image as a puffing paradise – smoking is still allowed in most bars, restaurants and cafes – as Tokyo gets set to host millions of visitors for the 2020 Olympics.
The health ministry is to submit a proposed law to parliament by June that would ban smoking in many restaurants, as well as public facilities. If approved, rule-breakers would face a penalty of US$2,600.
But the proposals, unveiled last week, have already been watered down from an initial push for a broad ban on indoor smoking, which ran up against strong opposition from former state monopoly Japan Tobacco (JT) and many small business owners, who fear they’ll lose customers.
Establishments can build a separate smoking room under the latest proposal. And places with less than 30 square metres of floor space would not be affected by the restrictions at all – excluding a huge number of establishments in space-challenged Japan.
“It would be better if it’s completely banned” in restaurants, said Kumiko Tanaka, a 27-year-old non-smoker. “But I don’t mind as long as smoking areas are strictly separated.”
Even the less-expansive rules could be headed for trouble, however, as opposition brews within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
Gaffe-prone finance minister Taro Aso recently questioned the long-established link between smoking cigarettes and lung cancer. And this week, the LDP’s parliamentary affairs chief Wataru Takeshita bemoaned the proposals, as a group in his party suggested restaurant owners instead be allowed to choose – and display their smoking status on the door.
“As a cigarette lover, I feel like this is not a good idea — how would I live if smoking is banned everywhere?” Takeshita told reporters.
Japan’s government gets billions of dollars annually in cigarette tax revenue, and still owns a one-third stake in JT – the third-biggest global tobacco company with brands including Winston, Camel and Benson & Hedges.
This conflict leaves anti-smoking campaigners fuming in a country where cigarettes sell for around US$3.75 a pack, and carry only modest health warning labels.
It is a far cry from other developed nations, including Australia and France, which have wide-ranging bans on smoking in public places and large, graphic health warnings on cigarette packs, which sell for two or three times more than in Japan.
Almost 50 countries have blanket bans on smoking indoors.
“We are really late,” said Yumiko Mochizuki, a board member at the Japan Society for Tobacco Control (JSTC). “And we were given a very bad score by the World Health Organisation.”
The global health body has given Japan its lowest rating for efforts to prevent passive smoking – just 10 percent of restaurants are non-smoking.
Japan even scores poorly among other Asian nations with smoking cultures such as China and South Korea. “Countries such as the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam and cities including Beijing and Shanghai China have already introduced comprehensive smoking bans,” said Susan Mercado, a Manila-based director at the WHO.
Smoking kills some 130,000 people in Japan annually, with another 15,000 dying of second-hand smoke related illnesses, Mercado added.
Despite its many smoking venues, tobacco use in Japan has been falling in line with a broader global trend. More than half of Japanese men smoked in 2000. That number dropped to just below 30 percent in 2016.
Japan Tobacco said the proposed smoking rules are cause for concern. “We are worried that the bill would be unbalanced, unreasonable and excessive,” the company said. Japan cannot be compared to other nations with strict indoor-smoking bans because outdoor smoking is limited to certain designated areas, JT said.
More than 240 Japanese municipalities restrict lighting up on city streets, meaning smokers must get their fix in clearly marked smoking zones. But the decade-old bylaws were brought in more to promote good manners and keep cigarette butts off the streets rather than for public health reasons.
Campaigners said less smoking will be a hit with millions of tourists visiting for the Olympics in three years, and might just enhance Japan’s famous service culture, known as omotenashi.
“It’s the last ingredient that we need to give people our best hospitality,” said JSTC president Manabu Sakuta.
