Frosty relations between Kabul and Islamabad have put a brake on Afghanistan’s ambitious plans to boost fruit exports, according to analysts.
Pomegranates and grapes have long been the pride of Afghan agriculture, but exports from the landlocked country have suffered due to poor air connectivity and frequent closures of the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.
The sight of hundreds of long-haul trucks stuck along border towns became all too common in 2016, with tonnes of fruits and perishable items going to waste and forcing some farmers to return to the most lucrative cultivation of poppy.
“We invested huge sums of money on growing fresh fruits in our orchards,” grape farmer Abdul Samad from Panjwai district in southern Kandahar said.
He said the farmers were very frustrated that the border was shut during harvest season. “We have no choice but to return to poppy farming. It will fetch us a lot more money than fruits.”
Pakistan sporadically shut the main border crossings as tensions flared due to firing incidents between the troops of the two countries.
Pakistan announced in June that it was planning more checkposts and fencing along the 2,600-kilometre frontier to filter the flow of militants. The move prompted consternation from Afghanistan which does not officially recognise the Durand Line as the international border.
In 2015 around 52,000 tonnes of pomegranates were exported to Pakis¬tan, the UAE and India. Last year the exports dropped to 15,000 tonnes, a small fraction of the total production. Other fruit exports also suffered.
“We were ready and hoping to export up to 40,000 tonnes of grapes from Kandahar, but Pakistan closed the gate for 17 days [in October], not allowing our traders to export their produce,” claimed Nasrullah Zaheer, head of the Afghan chamber of commerce in Kandahar.
Agriculture Minister Assadullah Zamir accused Pakistan of using border security “as a pretext to sabotage Afghan exports and shield its own farmers from competition”.
“This is not the first time that border closures have happened. We had exactly the same issue in 2015 during harvest time,” he said, without stating the estimated monetary losses.
“But we are here to support our farmers and the government is willing to cover a part of alternative transportation costs such as air cargo,” he added.
New Delhi recently announced it would launch an air-cargo link between Afghanistan and India that would help it bypass its border issues and open new markets for traders.
The plans, however, remain at initial stages, frustrating farmers.
For years, Afghanistan has tried to give farmers alternatives such as fruit crops and saffron to wean them away from poppy farming — the lifeblood of the Taliban insurgency.
But those efforts are failing and opium remains an economic linchpin for many Afghans.
Farmers need not bother with exports as a sprawling network of drug smugglers picks up opium produce directly from their farms, offering lucrative prices that normally far exceed the income from traditional agriculture.
Last year, Afghanistan saw a 10 per cent jump in opium cultivation compared to the previous year because of bumper harvests, collapsing eradication efforts and declining international aid to combat drugs.
“Even if the government arrests us we are determined to grow poppy,” said Kandahar farmer Abdul Shukoor.
“Pakistan closes the border randomly and our government is doing nothing.”