China will stick to family planning restrictions for up to 30 years, a senior Chinese official said on Monday, rejecting concern that limits on the number of children had shrunk the pool of workers needed to support an ageing population.
Last year, the ruling Chinese Communist Party announced it would relax its long-standing and controversial “one-child policy”, allowing all couples to have two children.
But critics say the policy change comes too late to avert a dangerous population imbalance as many couples are now not keen on having more children.
China’s population is set to peak at about 1.45 billion by 2050 when one in every three people is expected to be more than 60 years old, with a shrinking proportion of working adults to support them.
But officials would adhere to family planning restrictions “for the long term”, Wang Pei’an, vice minister of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, told a news conference.
“This long-term adherence is at least 20 years, 30 years,” Wang said.
“After a period of time, along with demographic changes, and along with changes in the population’s socio-economic development situation, we will adopt a different population policy.”
He said it was difficult to give a specific time on how long the restrictions on family size would be maintained, saying it was an issue that had to be dealt with “in line with the times”.
Asked about the danger the two-child policy would prevent China from getting rich before it got old, Wang said an ageing population was a global problem and “an inevitable trend of a society’s development”.
China’s main problem with its labour force was not the number of workers but “how to improve the quality of workers”, he said.
Wang said there was a demographic “imbalance” in China between poorer regions with higher fertility levels than cities, where many people are reluctant to have more children.
The one-child policy was introduced in the late 1970s to prevent population growth spiralling out of control, but is now regarded as outdated and responsible for shrinking the labour pool.
It has also led to the problem of an ageing society, with a smaller number of productive young people, a phenomenon usually seen in industrialized countries.
With the adoption of the two-child policy, China’s labour force could rise by more than 30 million by 2050 and its ageing population will be reduced by 2 percentage points by 2030, Wang said.
