One should avoid smoking and keep weight, blood sugar levels and blood pressure under control as these risk factors in middle age may cause the brain to shrink, leading to mental declines up to a decade later.
Evaluating data from 1,352 participants whose average age was 54 years, researchers from Colombia University, USA found that smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and being overweight were each linked to potentially dangerous vascular changes in the brain, BBC reported.
Participants were given blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes tests and had their body mass and waist circumference measured. They also underwent MRI brain scans over the course of a decade, the first one about seven years after the initial risk factor exam. Those with stroke and dementia were excluded at the outset, and between the first and last MRIs 19 participants suffered a stroke and two developed dementia.
Those with high blood pressure experienced a more rapid worsening of test scores of planning and decision-making, which corresponded to a faster rate of growth of small areas of vascular brain damage than those with normal blood pressure.
